Introduction
The value of the dairy industry is undeniable, whether it is the contribution of cows to the balance of biodiversity or dairy products that provide vital nutrition to 6 billion people around the world and create more than 3 million jobs.
However, environmental and animal welfare issues in the dairy industry today are somewhat controversial. In response, governments worldwide have issued new policies, hoping that the dairy industry can achieve sustainability goals in the next 20 years. However, the transformation of dairy farms is much more complicated than imagined. Not only does it require high economic investment, but it also needs to face market misunderstandings, and the most affected and challenged group is the dairy farmers.